Which of the following is a secondary cause to consider in the differential diagnosis of migraine?

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When evaluating a migraine presentation, it's essential to consider secondary headaches—headaches caused by another underlying condition. Head/neck trauma fits here because a post-traumatic headache can resemble migraine or trigger migraine-like symptoms, so a patient with a history of head or neck injury warrants careful assessment to rule out trauma-related pathology or secondary processes.

Tension-type headache and cluster headache are primary headache disorders—they occur independently of another condition and are not considered secondary causes in this differential. “All headaches” isn’t a specific etiologic category to point to as a secondary cause. The key is identifying headaches that arise as a consequence of another issue, with head/neck trauma being the classic example among the options.